In Phrasing, we have several ways to review Expressions. We will go over them in this article.

Clozewords

This is where most learners should be spending a majority of their time — especially if you do not already speak the language! It blanks out one word at a time, and will automatically grade you on your input. If you do not know how to read and write the language you are learning, you can type in the english transliteration (for example, privet instead of привет). If you don't want to worry about spelling, you can always override the automatic grade by clicking on the overrides section in the bottom.

Phrasing will teach you the highest leverage words first. This is very different from the most common! As you add more Expressions and Materials, Phrasing will determine a custom learning path just for you. We try to teach you the words rare enough that you will not pick them up via acquisition, but common enough that you'll run into them often, and that often carry predominant meaning in a sentence. A good way to think about this is we try to teach you the words you'll hear weekly, not daily, as the words you'll hear daily do not require active memorization.

One of the best parts about this is it means just about anyone can jump into Clozewords, no matter their level, and almost immediately start getting value from it. Even if you speak the language to a high level, most of your reviews in Clozewords will be the words that will most benefit from spaced repetition. For example, I can speak Dutch quite confidently. I added some Expressions from The War of Art in Dutch and I started learning vermomming・disguise, uitstel・procrastination, vernietigende・devastating, and toewijding・dedication. I didn't have to tell the app I know Dutch, I didn't have to wade through thousands of basic words, and I didn't have to skip anything.

Shadowing

Shadowing is a way to listen to your Expressions like a playlist. This is a great way to get exposure to the language in a hands free way. Whether you're at the gym, in the car, or doing the dishes, you can hear all of your Expressions with a bit of repetition.

By default, shadowing will just play and not grade any of your reviews. If you want to grade an entire expression, you can do so in the overrides section at the bottom. If you want to grade an individual word, you can do so by selecting the word and clicking Grade Word.

Flashcards

Flashcard is only recommended if you already speak the language to a high level. It's a way to review hundreds of words insanely fast — this is great if that's what you need, but if you're just starting to learn a language, it's not going to be a strong enough learning signal.

These are typical flashcards, where you see one translation, try to recall the inverse translation, and grade yourself on the answer. However we go one step further - on any given word, you can override the grade. So if you remember the whole expression except for one or two (or however many) words, you can click on the words and click on "Grade Word" to cycle through the grades. Cycling through until the end until you see "Grade Word" again will turn off the override.

Grades

There are four grades available in Phrasing. These tell the algorithm how to update the interval - the time between any two reviews of the same word or Expression. The previous interval is the time since your last review, the next interval is the time until you see it again.

• Forgotten - choosing this grade will tell Phrasing you want to see this card more often - specifically, that the next interval should be less than the previous interval.

• Struggled - choosing this grade will tell Phrasing you want to see this card the same amount - specifically, that the next interval should be the same as the previous interval.

• Remembered - choosing this grade will tell Phrasing you want to see this card less often - specifically, that the next interval should be more than the previous interval.

• Mastered - choosing this grade will tell Phrasing you want to see this card way less often - specifically, that the next interval should be exponentially more than the previous interval.